Universal Perspective: Acts and 1 Peter
- 'Catholic' (Universal) Christianity
History is the purposeful narration of past events.
- Church history is the Christian community's faithful remembrance of its past.
- The NT often narrates past and current events
- according to the paradigmatic histories of Israel and Jesus.
- Churches and believers thus become 'characters' in the ongoing gospel story.
- The narrative seems fundamental, not just a useful literary device.
- The writings below share a 'wide perspective' on Christian community.
- Other writers' perspectives are narrower, addressing more particular settings.
(Do such differences help resolve some apparent biblical inconsistencies and contradictions?)
- The Acts of the Apostles (especially Peter and Paul)
Acts is volume II of "Luke-Acts."
Its main characters are still Jesus (1:1), the Spirit (1:4-5), and the Apostles (1:8).
Acts chronicles several transformations with remarkable subtlety:
- In Jerusalem — from Jesus to Peter (Luke 24-Acts 2).
Judea and Samaria — from Peter to others (chs. 6-8).
To the ends of the earth — from others to Saul/Paul (chs.
9-15).
- Major themes:
- The Church is apostolic Israel (ch. 1, cf. 3:25-26, Acts 24:10-21, Acts 26:1-23, Paul's farewell speech in 20:16-38).
The power of the Church is the Spirit of Jesus (2:1-42, 3:1-10, 8:4-17, 8:18-24, 19:1-20).
The good news is the apostles' preaching (sermons in 1:16-20, 2:14-39, 3:12-26, 4:8-12, 5:29-32, 10:34-43, 13:16-41 [and 4:24-30, 7:1-53, 17:22-31, 20:18-35?]) and interpretation (8:26-40).
The way of the cross is the Church's politics (4:1-31, 5:12-42, 6:8-8:3, 21:1-36, 22:22-26:32).
The Church is one (2:41-46, 4:32-37, 6:1-7) holy (5:1-11) fellowship.
The Church is universal (mission to Samaritans in 8:4-17 and Gentiles in 10-11/13:13-52/17:16-34 and ramifications for all in 15:1-31/21:20-26).
The way is transformative for both persons (Paul's conversion in 9:1-31, 14:8-20) and the world (16:16-40, 19:21-41, 28:1-10).
Mission is ongoing (1:6-11, 28:14b-31's anticlimax).
- An interpretive question: Over the course of (Luke-)Acts, is the fellowship the same? changing? progressing? evolving? apostasying?
- For Christ, for the World: 1 Peter
Is the author Peter, via Silvanus?
- The writer assumes his formerly pagan audience's facility with the Tanakh, especially Psalms, Proverbs, Isaiah (e.g., in 1 Pet. 2:4-10).
The story and teachings of Jesus are ethically central (e.g., 2:20-25 in 2:13-3:12).
1 Peter draws on traditions common to Matthew and Luke, Paul, James, Hebrews, and Ephesians — an apostolic mainstream.
(What would this say of their origin and circulation in the first century?)
- Israel-in-exile is the paradigm for Christians' relationship with the empire (e.g., 1:1, 2:11-12).
Yet this is transformed in 2:18-5:11 into Christ-suffering-in-righteousness.
Jesus' atonement is extended to the world through the suffering Christian community:
- The weak submit trustfully, following "in his steps" (2:21-25).
This wins over the strong by showing them Christ's way (3:1).
The strong honor the weak as joint heirs (3:7-8), particularly through church structure (5:1-11).
The innocent bear abuse from the wicked with a clear conscience (3:13-22).
The wicked
are subject to God's harsh judgment (4:17-18).
- "This is the true grace of God: stand fast in it" (5:12).
- Paradigmatic Perspectives
Christians can operate with 'a canon within the canon':
- Paul is paradigmatic for classical Protestants.
Acts is paradigmatic for Pentecostalism.
1 Peter is paradigmatic for the ethical vision of Will Willimon and Stanley Hauerwas, Resident Aliens.